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摘要：该文对what引导的从句是表语从句还是表语从句中主语从句的引导词及one of+名词（复数）+复数动词和the（only） one of+名词（复数）+单数动词的探讨。
关键词：what、 that、 one of+名词（复数）…+复数动词、the（only） one of+名词（复数）…+单数动词。
一、普通高中课程标准实验教科书（必修2）课本中第5页阅读和听力一文中有这样一句型：An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.
该句（人教出版社）必修2参考译文是：看法是人们相信是真实的但是未经证实。笔者查阅好多中学教材全解对该句的注释和人教出版社注释相同，都认为what引导的从句是表语从句，An opinion为主句的主语，is为系动词，what引导的从句是表语从句，在what引导的从句中含有由but连接的两个并列句，并解释what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：
What he said is true. 他说的是事实。
What made her upset is that she didn’t pass the exam.
她没有通过考试使她非常难过。
笔者认为该句型解释值得商榷。还得从that和what这两个词论起，that为从属连词引导名词性从句，不担任成分。例如：
She said（that）she would come. 她说她要来。（见《现代高级英汉双解辞典》第1141页）
The trouble is that we are short of money. 困难的是我们缺钱。（见《现代高级英汉双解辞典》第1141页）
The truth was that we never saw him.事实是我们从未见过他。（见《大英汉词典》第1558页）。
The reason was that he was afraid.原因是他害怕。（见《新标准中学生英语词汇用法全解》第1435页）。
She said she had bought a new car.她说她买了一辆新车。（见《外研社实用英汉词典》第1015页）。
What he says is not important. 他所说的话不重要。（见《现代高级英汉双解辞典》第1248页）
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是过去的他了。（见《外研社实用英汉词典》第1084页）
This is what I want to know. 这正是我们要知道的。（见《新标准中学生英语词汇用法全解》第1580页）。
根据以上例句笔者认为该句主语为An opinion，is为系动词，后面连接了一个省略从属连词that的表语从句，what引导的主语从句为表语从句的主语，what（相当于the thing that）在主语从句中充当believes的宾语,is true为表语从句的谓语（系表结构），but连接的两个并列句。假如把what视为表语从句的引导词，在从句中充当believes的宾语，那么is true作何解释？如该句没有is true，what从句当然为表语从句的引导词，what在表语从句中充当believes的宾语。或者假若is true是to be true也可视为表语从句引导词what的宾补（believe sth（to be）adj。
二、该书第4页Discovering useful structure练习4,（9小题）：
It’s one of the few places which is known for its good food. （划线部分为该书参考书18页所给汉译英答案）。
笔者认为1. 在“one of+名复数名词+关系代词who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句应该是复数形式。
2. 但是当one前有the only等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。例如：
The Great Wall is one of the world_famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 长城是地球上唯一能从月球上看到的建筑物。
He is one of the boy students who are always ready to help others.
他是乐于助人的男同学之一。
He is the only one of the students who comes from the south.
他是惟一来自南方的学生。
【考例】 He is the only one of the students who_____a winner of scholarship for three years.（2002年上海市普通高等学校春季招生英语试题）
A.is B.are C.have beenD.has been答案：D
解析：当one前有the only，just the等修饰时,谓语动词与one保持一致,故答案为D。
【考例】I wonder whether the soldier is one ofthose who____abroad to keep peace.（南通上市高三第一次調研测试。）
A.has been sentB.have been sent
C.have sentD.has sent答案：B
解析：关系代词who指代的先行词是those，所以助动词用have，战士是被派送到国外维和的，所以用被动语态。
【考例】Oscar Gold Prize is the only one of the film prizes____offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far. 答案：D
A. which is notB. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been答案：D
解析：当one前有the only，just the等修饰时,谓语动词与one保持一致,故答案为D。
【考例】Oscar Gold Prize is one of the film prizes_______offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which is notB. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been答案：B
解析：当先行词的one前无the only，just the等修饰时,of后面的复数名词是先行词,,从句的谓语动词用复数，故答案为B。
根据以上例句，笔者认为18页所给汉译英参考答案which is应为which are。以上两处看法 ，是否正确，敬请编辑及同行指正。
参考文献:
1.《大英汉词典》
2.《外研社实用英汉词典》
3.《现代高级英汉双解辞典》
4.《新标准中学生英语词汇用法全解》
关键词：what、 that、 one of+名词（复数）…+复数动词、the（only） one of+名词（复数）…+单数动词。
一、普通高中课程标准实验教科书（必修2）课本中第5页阅读和听力一文中有这样一句型：An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.
该句（人教出版社）必修2参考译文是：看法是人们相信是真实的但是未经证实。笔者查阅好多中学教材全解对该句的注释和人教出版社注释相同，都认为what引导的从句是表语从句，An opinion为主句的主语，is为系动词，what引导的从句是表语从句，在what引导的从句中含有由but连接的两个并列句，并解释what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：
What he said is true. 他说的是事实。
What made her upset is that she didn’t pass the exam.
她没有通过考试使她非常难过。
笔者认为该句型解释值得商榷。还得从that和what这两个词论起，that为从属连词引导名词性从句，不担任成分。例如：
She said（that）she would come. 她说她要来。（见《现代高级英汉双解辞典》第1141页）
The trouble is that we are short of money. 困难的是我们缺钱。（见《现代高级英汉双解辞典》第1141页）
The truth was that we never saw him.事实是我们从未见过他。（见《大英汉词典》第1558页）。
The reason was that he was afraid.原因是他害怕。（见《新标准中学生英语词汇用法全解》第1435页）。
She said she had bought a new car.她说她买了一辆新车。（见《外研社实用英汉词典》第1015页）。
What he says is not important. 他所说的话不重要。（见《现代高级英汉双解辞典》第1248页）
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是过去的他了。（见《外研社实用英汉词典》第1084页）
This is what I want to know. 这正是我们要知道的。（见《新标准中学生英语词汇用法全解》第1580页）。
根据以上例句笔者认为该句主语为An opinion，is为系动词，后面连接了一个省略从属连词that的表语从句，what引导的主语从句为表语从句的主语，what（相当于the thing that）在主语从句中充当believes的宾语,is true为表语从句的谓语（系表结构），but连接的两个并列句。假如把what视为表语从句的引导词，在从句中充当believes的宾语，那么is true作何解释？如该句没有is true，what从句当然为表语从句的引导词，what在表语从句中充当believes的宾语。或者假若is true是to be true也可视为表语从句引导词what的宾补（believe sth（to be）adj。
二、该书第4页Discovering useful structure练习4,（9小题）：
It’s one of the few places which is known for its good food. （划线部分为该书参考书18页所给汉译英答案）。
笔者认为1. 在“one of+名复数名词+关系代词who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句应该是复数形式。
2. 但是当one前有the only等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。例如：
The Great Wall is one of the world_famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名建筑之一。
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 长城是地球上唯一能从月球上看到的建筑物。
He is one of the boy students who are always ready to help others.
他是乐于助人的男同学之一。
He is the only one of the students who comes from the south.
他是惟一来自南方的学生。
【考例】 He is the only one of the students who_____a winner of scholarship for three years.（2002年上海市普通高等学校春季招生英语试题）
A.is B.are C.have beenD.has been答案：D
解析：当one前有the only，just the等修饰时,谓语动词与one保持一致,故答案为D。
【考例】I wonder whether the soldier is one ofthose who____abroad to keep peace.（南通上市高三第一次調研测试。）
A.has been sentB.have been sent
C.have sentD.has sent答案：B
解析：关系代词who指代的先行词是those，所以助动词用have，战士是被派送到国外维和的，所以用被动语态。
【考例】Oscar Gold Prize is the only one of the film prizes____offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far. 答案：D
A. which is notB. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been答案：D
解析：当one前有the only，just the等修饰时,谓语动词与one保持一致,故答案为D。
【考例】Oscar Gold Prize is one of the film prizes_______offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which is notB. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been答案：B
解析：当先行词的one前无the only，just the等修饰时,of后面的复数名词是先行词,,从句的谓语动词用复数，故答案为B。
根据以上例句，笔者认为18页所给汉译英参考答案which is应为which are。以上两处看法 ，是否正确，敬请编辑及同行指正。
参考文献:
1.《大英汉词典》
2.《外研社实用英汉词典》
3.《现代高级英汉双解辞典》
4.《新标准中学生英语词汇用法全解》