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德国是最早建立失业保障体系的国家之一。自19世纪末期以来,随着经济形势和社会环境的变化,政府不断出台新的失业保障政策,20世纪90年代的两德统一进一步促进了失业保障制度的调整。在德国失业保障体系的发展过程中,1969年的《就业促进法》和2002—2005年间的哈茨改革发挥了重要的作用。对德国失业保障制度的发展历程进行了梳理,结果表明德国的失业率自2002年后逐步降低,但不能确定是由现行的失业保障政策的修订造成的,由于政策实施往往存在时滞,德国现行失业保障制度的效果还需时间来检验。
Germany was one of the first countries to establish an unemployment protection system. Since the late 19th century, with the change of economic situation and social environment, the government has promulgated a new unemployment protection policy. The reunification of the two Germanizations in the 1990s further promoted the adjustment of the unemployment guarantee system. In the development of the unemployment insurance system in Germany, the Employment Promotion Law of 1969 and the Hartz reform in 2002-2005 played an important role. The development history of German unemployment insurance system has been sorted out. The results show that the unemployment rate in Germany has been gradually reduced since 2002, but it can not be determined by the current revision of the unemployment insurance policy. Due to the lag in policy implementation, the current German practice The effectiveness of the unemployment guarantee system also needs time to test.