竞技体育项目一般可分为早期专项化项目和晚期专项化项目。早期专项化项目指的是如跳水、花样滑冰、体操、艺术体操等需要早期进行特定的专项化训练的项目。晚期专项化项目包括田径、自行车、赛艇和所有集体类项目,需要在早期进行全面的基础训练。早期专项化项目需要四阶段的发展模型,而晚期专项化项目需要一个六阶段发展模型,由于只有少数几个项目被归类为早期专项化项目,因此本文重点分析田径项目的六阶段发展模型。 Competitive sports generally can be divided into early specialization projects and late specialization projects. Earlier specialization projects refer to projects that require specific early-stage training, such as diving, figure skating, gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, etc. Late specialization programs, including track and field, cycling, rowing and all collective classes, require extensive basic training in the early stages. The early specialization project needs a four-stage development model, while the late specialization project needs a six-stage development model. Since only a few projects are classified as early specialization projects, this article focuses on the six-stage development model of track and field events.