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社会资本在灾害中的作用是近年来灾害社会学研究和政策研究的热点问题之一。本文根据2008年和2009年的两次大规模抽样社会调查数据,从社会支持、社会参与和社会信任三个方面对汶川地震灾区的社会资本水平及其变化情况进行了全面的分析。调查结果显示:地震发生后,灾区人民得到了广泛的社会援助和支持;与此同时,灾区群众体现出强烈的社会参与精神,居民们自发组织起来,积极参与救灾和重建中的各项社会公益行动;灾区群众的整体信任程度较高,与灾前相比,社会信任水平呈明显上升之势。灾区人民的互助、参与、团结与信任,构成了他们重建家园时最可依赖的“社会资本”。在制定灾后重建政策时,应充分发挥社会资本的作用,并采取积极的政策措施,促进灾区社会资本的积累与发展。
The role of social capital in disasters is one of the hot issues in the research and policy research of disaster sociology in recent years. Based on two large-scale social survey data collected in 2008 and 2009, this paper analyzes the social capital level and its changes in Wenchuan earthquake-hit areas from three aspects: social support, social participation and social trust. The survey results show that after the earthquake, people in disaster-stricken areas received extensive social assistance and support. In the meantime, the people in the disaster-hit areas showed a strong spirit of social participation. Residents spontaneously organized themselves and actively participated in various public welfares in disaster relief and reconstruction The overall trust level of people in disaster-stricken areas is relatively high. Compared with the pre-disaster situation, the level of social trust has risen markedly. The mutual aid, participation, solidarity and trust of people in the disaster-stricken areas constitute the most “social capital” they can rely on when rebuilding their homeland. In formulating the post-disaster reconstruction policy, we should give full play to the role of social capital and adopt positive policies and measures to promote the accumulation and development of social capital in disaster-stricken areas.