本文使用电镜对高原肺水肿患者及同海拔健康者各４名肺组织的超微结构改变进行观察，结果揭示肺水肿患者呼吸系统广泛水肿，肺泡上皮细胞明显肿胀、水肿，肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞损害较重，肺毛细血管细胞连接间隙增宽，气血屏障内外侧结构局部缺损，这些形态学改变是高原肺水肿作为一种高蛋白、高渗出性肺水肿的病理基础。 In this paper, electron microscopy of patients with altitude pulmonary edema and the same elevation of 4 lung tissue ultrastructural changes were observed, the results revealed extensive respiratory system edema in patients with pulmonary edema, alveolar epithelial cells were significantly swollen, edema, alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell damage Heavier, widening of the pulmonary capillary cell connection gap, partial defect of the internal and external structures of the blood-blood barrier. These morphological changes are the pathological basis of high-grade pulmonary edema as a high-protein, high exudative pulmonary edema.