目的:探讨以国产地西他滨为主的方案治疗血液系统恶性疾病的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年3月在本院血液科接受国产地西他滨方案化疗的20例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)及10例急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的临床资料,评价其疗效和不良反应。结果:20例MDS患者中完全缓解4例,部分缓解2例,病情稳定8例,病情进展4例,死亡2例。疾病控制率70%,有效率30%,血液学不良反应发生率100%,感染发生率40%,严重出血1例,无肝功能损伤发生。10例AML患者中缓解3例,部分缓解2例,未缓解5例。结论:国产地西他滨为主的化疗方案可有效治疗骨髓增生异常综合征及急性髓细胞白血病,虽然血液学不良反应较重,感染的发生率较高,但患者基本上可耐受,给予相应抗炎及支持治疗可得到有效控制。 Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and side effects of domestic solution of decitabine in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 10 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received chemotherapy with decitabine in our department of hematology from January 2013 to March 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data to evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions. Results: In 20 cases of MDS patients, 4 cases were completely relieved, 2 cases partially relieved, 8 cases stable, 4 cases progressed and 2 died. Disease control rate of 70%, the effective rate of 30%, the incidence of adverse reactions of hematology 100%, the incidence of infection 40%, 1 case of severe bleeding, no liver damage occurred. In 10 patients with AML, 3 were relieved, 2 were partly relieved, and 5 were not relieved. CONCLUSION: The domestic chemotherapy solution of decitabine can effectively treat myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Although the hematological adverse reaction is severe and the incidence of infection is high, the patients are basically tolerable. Corresponding anti-inflammatory and supportive treatment can be effectively controlled.