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目的分析比较复合全谷豆粗杂粮中膳食纤维(dietary fiber,DF)、抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)、总黄酮和总皂甙等活性成分,了解其对大鼠粪胆汁酸(fecalbile acid,FBA)排出的影响及其调控机制。方法按国家标准及文献方法测定复合全谷豆粗杂粮中DF、RS、总黄酮和总皂甙的含量。44只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、高脂模型组、米面组和复合全谷豆粗杂粮组,分别给予相应饲料连续喂养8周。实验开始前和结束后,代谢笼收集大鼠粪便,磷钼酸法测定FBA。RT-PCR法测定大鼠肝脏组织中胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,CYP7A1)mRNA和肝X受体α(Liver X receptorα,LXRα)mRNA的表达。结果复合全谷豆粗杂粮中每100g含DF 15.3g、RS 9.03g、总黄酮0.45g和总皂甙0.24g。复合全谷豆粗杂粮组大鼠FBA排出量显著升高(P<0.05);CYP7A1 mRNA和LXRαmRNA表达比其他3组显著增加(P<0.05)。结论复合全谷豆粗杂粮比面粉大米富含DF、RS、黄酮和皂甙等活性物质。可以促使胆汁酸合成经典途径中限速酶CYP7A1和其上游受体LXRαmRNA表达的上调,有效地增加大鼠FBA的排出量,起到改善脂代谢紊乱的作用。
Objective To compare the effects of dietary fiber (DF), resistant starch (RS), total flavonoids and total saponins on the activity of fecalbile acid, FBA) discharge and its regulation mechanism. Methods The contents of DF, RS, total flavonoids and total saponins in compound whole grains coarse grains were determined by national standards and literature methods. Forty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the negative control group, the high fat model group, the rice flour group and the compound whole grain bean curd group. Excretion was collected in metabolic cages before and after the start of the experiment, and FBA was determined by phosphomolybdic acid assay. The mRNA expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) in rat liver tissue was determined by RT-PCR. Results Complex whole grains of coarse grains of soybean per 100g containing DF 15.3g, RS 9.03g, total flavonoids 0.45g and total saponin 0.24g. Compared with the other three groups, the FBA excretion was significantly increased (P <0.05), and the expression of CYP7A1 mRNA and LXRα mRNA were significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusion The compound whole grain soybean coarse grain than the flour rice is rich in active substances such as DF, RS, flavonoids and saponins. Which can promote the up-regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme CYP7A1 and its upstream receptor LXRαmRNA in the classical pathway of bile acid synthesis, effectively increase the excretion of FBA in rats, and improve the disturbance of lipid metabolism.