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目的了解2007-2013年重庆市水痘的流行病学特征。方法采用Excel软件对2007-2013年重庆市水痘疫情相关数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2007-2013年重庆市水痘报告发病率从8.59/10万上升到2013年的30.02/10万,发病人群以5~14岁人群为主,小学和托幼机构是水痘的易感人群,也是出现暴发疫情的高发单位;水痘疫苗接种率逐年上升,但仅限于小年龄儿童内推广1剂次水痘疫苗,5岁以上儿童接种率较低。结论小学和托幼机构是水痘防控工作的重点部门;小学、托幼机构为水痘主要发病人群,建议扩大重庆市水痘疫苗接种对象,鼓励1~14岁的儿童接种水痘疫苗,并进一步加强该人群的预防接种工作以控制水痘疫情的暴发流行;避免水痘突破病例的发生,有必要在提高儿童首剂疫苗接种率的同时,对14岁以下儿童开展第2剂疫苗加强的免疫策略。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Chongqing from 2007 to 2013. Methods Excel software was used to describe the epidemiological data of epidemic situation of chicken pox in Chongqing in 2007-2013. Results The incidence of chickenpox in Chongqing in 2007-2013 increased from 8.59 / 100000 to 30.02 / 100000 in 2013. The prevalence of the chickenpox in Chongqing was mainly between 5 and 14 years old. Primary schools and nurseries were also susceptible to chickenpox. The high incidence of outbreaks occurred; the vaccination rate of chickenpox increased year by year, but it was limited to the promotion of a chickenpox vaccine in small children and the vaccination rate of children over the age of five was lower. Conclusions Primary schools and nurseries are the key departments for the prevention and control of chickenpox. Primary schools and kindergartens are the main groups for chickenpox. It is suggested that the target of vaccination against chickenpox in Chongqing should be expanded to encourage children aged 1-14 years to receive the chickenpox vaccine and to further strengthen this Population vaccination work to control the outbreak of chickenpox epidemic; to avoid the occurrence of chickenpox breakthrough cases, it is necessary to raise children’s first dose of vaccination, while children under the age of 14 to carry out the second vaccine enhanced immune strategy.