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“生存竞争,物竟天择”的达尔文进化论,自19世纪以来一直统治生物学界,并给了整个思想界和人类社会以深刻影响。但后来美国科学院院士刘易斯·托马斯博士认为进化论过分强调物种的独特性、过分强调生存竞争,而物种间实际上存在着相互依存的共生关系,认为任何生物都是由复杂程度不同的较低级生物共同组成的生态系统,并以生态系统的整体论为我们指示了理解物种多样性的新的途径。托马斯的观点具有非常有益的启示。
Darwin’s evolution theory of “survival competition, natural selection,” has dominated the biological world since the 19th century, and has exerted a profound influence on the entire ideological community and human society. But later Dr. Lewis Thomas, a member of the American Academy of Sciences, said that evolutionary theory has overemphasized the uniqueness of species and over-emphasised survival competition. However, inter-species symbiosis exists between species. It is believed that any organism is composed of lower-level organisms of different complexity. The ecosystems that are made up together and the holistic theory of the ecosystem have given us a new way to understand species diversity. Thomas’s point of view has very useful inspiration.