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几个世纪以来,荷兰的水利董事会在水管理中起着关键作用。这些水利董事会的基本任务是防洪和排水。最近几十年里,水利董事会增加了水质管理和污水处理的职能。荷兰的水利董事会是政府机构,是省级权力机构下属的一般政府职能部门。水利董事会具有法定权力和自己的税收制度。水利董事会的基本原则是在水利服务中谁受益(称为利益主体)谁付费,而且水利董事会成员是这些利益主体通过大会选举的代表。在过去50年里,水利董事会经过了多次大的合并过程,使得全国水利董事会的数目从2500个锐减到27个。在合并的过程中,水利董事会的规模扩大了,而且专业水平也有了很大提高。但是,利益主体和管理机构之间的距离加大了,使得利益主体参与水利管理活动的机会少了。本文主要研究荷兰水利董事会的模式和进展情况,使得利益主体与水利董事会更密切地联系起来。
The Dutch water board has played a key role in water management for centuries. The basic task of these water conservancy board is flood control and drainage. In recent decades, the water board has added water quality management and wastewater treatment functions. The Dutch water board is a government agency and a general government function under the provincial authority. The water conservancy board has legal authority and its own tax system. The basic principles of the water board are those who benefit from water services (called stakeholders) who pay, and members of the water board are representatives of those stakeholders elected through the General Assembly. In the past 50 years, the Water Conservancy Board has undergone several major merger processes, drastically reducing the number of National Water Conservancy Boards from 2,500 to 27. During the merger, the scale of the water conservancy board of directors expanded, and the professional level also improved greatly. However, the distance between stakeholders and management agencies has increased, leaving fewer opportunities for stakeholder participation in water management activities. This paper mainly studies the mode and progress of Dutch water conservancy board and makes the stakeholders more closely connected with the water conservancy board.