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理查德·加纳和布纳德·罗森将元伦理学一般性问题称为元伦理学的三个难题:(1)道德术语或道德判断的意义是什么?(2)道德判断的本性或性质是什么?(3)道德判断如何可能得到支持或辩护?在这三个问题上存在着认识主义与非认识主义、自然主义与直觉主义、实在主义与反实在主义、中心主义与非中心主义,以及普遍主义、相对主义与虚无主义等种种分歧。这些不同观点虽然大多有其合理内容,但都没有对上述三个问题作出正确的或令人满意的回答。道德语言既具有评价意义又具有规范意义。存在着各自适用范围不同的两类道德标准。基本道德标准的终极依据是社会根本的和总体的利益。
Richard Ghana and Bernard Rosen call the general problem of meta-ethics three problems of meta-ethics: (1) What is the meaning of moral terms or moral judgments? (2) The nature or nature of moral judgments (3) How can moral judgment be supported or defended? On these three issues, there are cognitive and non-cognitiveism, naturalism and intuitionism, realism and anti-realism, centralism and non-centralism, As well as the differences of universalism, relativism and nihilism. Although most of these different points of view have their reasonable content, none of them correctly or satisfactorily answer the above three questions. Moral language has both evaluation and normative significance. There are two types of ethical standards with different scopes of application. The ultimate basis of the basic moral standards is the fundamental and overall interests of society.