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目的观察特发性黄斑裂孔的临床特点和视力。方法回顾性分析特发性黄斑裂孔病例１８例２３只眼的临床表现；按Ｇａｓ的标准分期；随访６～１２０个月。结果初诊时黄斑裂孔Ⅰ～Ⅳ期依次为５，４，１０，３只眼，随访期间发生黄斑裂孔１只眼。随访末次时，黄斑裂孔Ⅰ～Ⅳ期依次为２，２，９，８只眼，自愈２只眼。主诉患病时间Ⅰ期５～８个月，Ⅱ期８～２０个月，Ⅲ期１２～１２６个月。初诊时，平均视力Ⅰ期０．７，Ⅱ期０．５５，Ⅲ期０．０８，Ⅳ期０．０８。初诊时ＦＦＡ：Ⅰ期无明显异常，Ⅱ～Ⅳ期黄斑部透见脉络膜荧光１７只眼。结论特发性黄斑裂孔患者随着病程延长，前期黄斑裂孔多发展成全层裂孔，全层裂孔扩大，视力减退。
Objective To observe the clinical features and visual acuity of idiopathic macular hole. Methods The clinical manifestations of 23 eyes of 18 cases with idiopathic macular hole were retrospectively analyzed. The standard staging of Gas was followed up for 6 to 120 months. Results The first to fourth stages of macular hole were 5, 4, 10, and 3 eyes respectively. One case had macular hole during follow-up. At the end of the follow-up period, macular holes Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ were followed by 2, 2, 9, and 8 eyes, and 2 eyes were cured. The main complaint of disease Ⅰ period of 5 to 8 months, Ⅱ 8 to 20 months, Ⅲ period of 12 to 126 months. The first visit, the average visual acuity Ⅰ 0.7, Ⅱ 0.55, Ⅲ 0.08, Ⅳ 0.08. FFA on first visit: stage Ⅰ no significant abnormalities, Ⅱ ~ Ⅳ macular see through the choroidal fluorescence 17 eyes. Conclusions With the prolongation of the course of disease in idiopathic macular hole patients, the pre-stage macular hole develops into full-thickness hole, the full-thickness hole enlargement and vision loss.