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妊娠是胚胎和胎儿在母体内发育成长的一种复杂而特殊的生理过程,为满足胚胎、胎儿生长发育的需要,在胎盘激素参与下,孕妇体内代谢系统发生一系列生理生化改变,目前认为从代谢的角度,妊娠期可分为两大阶段:孕早期为第一阶段,胎儿生长相对较慢,而以器官的分化发育为主,此期以合成代谢为主,母体处于养分积累的阶段;从孕中期开始,伴随激素的参与,分解代谢大量启动,胎盘转运功能也增强,以满足胎儿快速生长所需的能量和养分。下面就妊娠期糖类、脂类及氨基酸代谢方面的改变做一综述。
Pregnancy is a complex and special physiological process in which embryos and fetuses grow and develop in the mother’s body. In order to meet the needs of embryo and fetus growth and development, there are a series of physiological and biochemical changes in the metabolic system of pregnant women with the involvement of placental hormones. Metabolic point of view, pregnancy can be divided into two stages: first trimester of pregnancy, fetal growth is relatively slow, while the main differentiation of organs, the main anabolic this period, the mother in the stage of accumulation of nutrients; Starting from the second trimester, with the participation of hormones, a large number of catabolic start-up, placental transport function is also enhanced to meet the rapid growth of fetus the energy and nutrients needed. Here is a review of changes in gestational sugar, lipid and amino acid metabolism.