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在当前的考古年代学体系中,考古年代学方法可大致归为绝对年代和相对年代的测年方法。作者认为,绝对年代测年方法大多根据单一变量的时间性变化测得,而以文化遗存变化为刻度的相对年代测年方法则是多变量的断代方法,其结论有很多主观的变异。其中常用的文化编年以器物排队和地层学交叉断代,可以获得时代、时期、文化和文化期(段)等不同刻度时间节点,利用时间舱中的标型器物可以将年代刻度精确到与14C测年数据相差不多的程度。在时间舱和层位关系中把握并反复验证文化编年的结果是使这类断代方法不断科学化的必由之路。而精确的历史年表更需要设计出文化编年与14C测年密切匹配的测年方案才能获得。在没有出现新的断代方法之前,严密设计的交叉断代方法或许是推动考古年代学不断精密化的一条出路。
In the current system of archeological chronology, archaeological chronological methods can be broadly classified as absolute dating and dating dating methods. The author thinks that the absolute dating method is mostly based on the temporal variation of a single variable, whereas the relative dating method based on the change of cultural relics is a multivariate dating method. There are many subjective variations in its conclusion. Among them, the commonly used cultural chronicle can be obtained by cross-dating of objects queuing and stratigraphy, which can obtain time nodes of different scales such as times, periods, cultures and cultural periods (sections). Using the standard objects in the time capsule, the scales can be accurately calibrated to 14C The extent of the dating data is similar. The grasping and repeated verification of the results of cultural chronicle in the relationship between time module and horizon is the only way to make such a method of discontinuity scientific. Precise historical chronology needs to be designed in such a way that the chronology of cultural chronology and the closely matched 14C dating can be obtained. A tightly designed cross-dating approach may be a way out of advancing the sophistication of archeology until there is no new dating method.