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目的：减少围术期并发症的发生，保证小儿的生命安全。方法：对42例小儿气管异物取出术的麻醉处理及围术期并发症的防治进行分析总结。结果：术中并发症的发生率为21.4％，无一例出现死亡及心衰、肺水肿及纵隔气肿等。结论：小儿气管异物取出术，除急性窒息外，一般术前应禁食，并给足量阿托品，做好急救准备和各种监测。采用氯胺酮、v－羟丁酸钠静脉复合麻醉配合表面麻醉，有利于手术的安全进行。术中并发症的防治是关键。同时，对要求术者动作宜轻柔。
Objective: To reduce the incidence of perioperative complications and ensure the safety of children’s lives. Methods: A total of 42 children with tracheal foreign bodies removal anesthesia and perioperative complications were analyzed and summarized. Results: The incidence of intraoperative complications was 21.4%, with no death and heart failure, pulmonary edema and mediastinal emphysema. Conclusion: In children with tracheal foreign body removal, except acute suffocation, the general preoperative should be fasting, and give enough atropine, first aid preparation and monitoring. Using ketamine, v-hydroxybutyrate intravenous anesthesia combined with surface anesthesia, is conducive to the safety of surgery. Prevention and treatment of intraoperative complications is the key. At the same time, the operation required gentleman action should be gentle.