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目的研究高校新生对AIDS患者或感染者歧视现状及其影响因素,为消除歧视教育提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,采用整群抽样方法,抽取医学、师范、及工科院校新生5 960人,进行无记名问卷调查。结果高校新生对AIDS的三大传播途径和大部分非传播途径知晓率较高,但对某些非传播途径知晓率较低,如蚊虫叮咬为32.9%,共用毛巾、衣物为62.1%,咳嗽、打喷嚏为64.2%。对AIDS的歧视现象普遍存在,如只有28.9%的人愿意与AIDS患者或感染者共同进餐,25.2%的人愿意从AIDS患者或感染者那儿买菜或购物。专业、性别、是否独生子女、家庭所在地和知识得分是影响学生AIDS歧视水平的主要因素。结论高校新生的AIDS相关知识掌握不全面,对AIDS患者或感染者态度上存在一定的歧视现象。加大AIDS非传播途径知识的宣传力度,是降低高校新生歧视程度并有效预防AIDS传播的重要措施。
Objective To study the status quo and the influencing factors of discrimination against newly diagnosed AIDS patients or persons living with AIDS in order to provide basis for eliminating discrimination education. Methods The questionnaire was designed by ourselves. Using the method of cluster sampling, 5 960 freshmen from medical, normal school and engineering colleges were selected for the questionnaire survey. Results The freshmen had a high awareness of the three major routes of transmission and most of the non-transmission routes of AIDS. However, the awareness rate of some non-transmission routes was low, such as 32.9% of mosquito bites, 62.1% of shared towels, clothes, cough, Sneezing was 64.2%. Discrimination against AIDS is prevalent, with only 28.9% of people willing to eat meals with AIDS patients or PLWHA and 25.2% of people willing to buy food or shopping from AIDS patients or PLWHA. Professionalism, gender, whether or not only child, family location and knowledge score are the main factors affecting students’ AIDS discrimination. Conclusion Freshmen in AIDS-related knowledge is not comprehensive and there is a certain discrimination in the attitude toward AIDS patients or infected persons. To intensify the publicity on the knowledge of non-transmission ways of AIDS is an important measure to reduce the level of discrimination among freshmen and effectively prevent the spread of AIDS.