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一我国的外贸体制改革已经走过十多年的历程。1988年开始的三年承包和从1991年实行的自负盈亏,都不同程度地促进了外向型经济的深度发展。但是,就其根本而言,目前外贸系统的内部机制、宏观管理与协调服务还不健全,落后于出口生产企业转换机制的改革。1.近年来我国出口商品结构总体有所改善,但以原辅材料为主、初级产品为主和低附加值为主的格局基本没有改变。纺织、土畜、轻工和食品等传统出口商品仍占较高的比重。机电产品出口、化工产品出口及高技术知识含量的出口虽呈增势,但总量仍然较少。出口商品结构是由深层次的工业基础结构决定的。出口生产企业经营机制的转换,迫切需要外贸部门转换职能,积极引导、帮助生产企业调整产业和产品结构,带动出口结构的调整;帮助开展补偿贸易,引进设备,搞好技术改造,使生产企业上水平、上质量、增加附加值和高技术知识含量,提高出口商品的加工深度。2.出口生产企业经营机制的转换,尤其是大中型
The reform of China’s foreign trade system has gone through more than a decade of development. The three-year contracting period that began in 1988 and the self-financed profit and loss that was implemented in 1991 have all contributed to the in-depth development of the export-oriented economy. However, as far as it is concerned, the internal mechanism, macro-management and coordination services of the current foreign trade system are still not perfect, lagging behind the reform of the conversion mechanism of export production enterprises. 1. In recent years, China’s export commodity structure has generally improved, but the pattern of mainly raw and auxiliary materials, primary products, and low value-added has basically not changed. Traditional export commodities such as textiles, land animals, light industry and food still account for a relatively large proportion. Exports of mechanical and electrical products, exports of chemical products, and exports of high-tech knowledge content showed an increase, but the total amount was still relatively small. The structure of export commodities is determined by a deep industrial infrastructure. The transformation of the operating mechanism of exporting production enterprises urgently requires the transformation of functions of the foreign trade department, actively guiding and assisting the production enterprises to adjust the industrial and product structure, and stimulating the adjustment of the export structure; assisting in the development of compensation trade, introducing equipment, and improving technological transformation so that the production enterprises can Level, quality, added value and high-tech knowledge content, improve the processing depth of export commodities. 2. Conversion of the operating mechanism of export production enterprises, especially large and medium-sized