匈牙利像其它中东欧国家一样，从１９５０年代以来一直处于一种技术上的“时间差”，本文不分析匈牙利与更先进国家之间这种技术差距的大小．更确切地说，它集中论述为支持革新、工业技术开发等而需要重建的体制结构．它探讨了支持这种类型发展的体制类型，国际合作形式，也提到了以行业为基础的研究的一些结果． Like other Central and Eastern European countries, Hungary has been in a technical “time difference” since the 1950s and this article does not analyze the size of the technological gap between Hungary and the more advanced countries. More specifically, it focuses on the institutional structures that need to be rebuilt to support innovation, industrial technology development, and so on. It explores the types of institutions that support this type of development, the forms of international cooperation, and also some of the results of industry-based research.