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各种运动都会给予人体解剖结构和生理功能以某种程度的应力。当这些应力受到控制时则是有益的,而当其失去控制时便有可能发生损伤。应力可以是机械的或生理性的,也就是说它可能与运动技能或比赛和训练的生理要求有关。由生理性应力所致的损伤常被称为“过度使用”损伤,它是由急性或慢性局部肌肉疲劳所致.中长跑运动员每周训练要跑很多英里,其“过度使用”损伤的发病率与跑的距离成正比。高度缺氧运动如200米赛跑,快到终点时所出现的急性局部肌肉疲劳,也是导致肌肉损伤的一个重要因素.中距离赛跑运动员的跟腱炎是一种由于慢性局部肌肉疲劳所致的损伤,而短跑运动员在急性局部肌肉疲劳
A variety of exercises give the human anatomy and physiology some degree of stress. It is beneficial when these stresses are under control, and damage can occur when they become out of control. Stress can be mechanical or physiological, meaning that it may be related to the physical requirements of motor skills or competitions and training. Injuries caused by physiological stress are often referred to as “overuse” injuries caused by acute or chronic local muscle fatigue. Long-distance runners run many miles per week and the incidence of “overuse” injuries Is proportional to the distance of running. Acute hypothyroidism, which occurs as a result of high anoxic exercise such as 200-meter racing, is also an important cause of muscle damage as a result of chronic local muscle fatigue. , While sprinters are in acute local muscle fatigue