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目的 分析非常早产儿并发支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的临床危险因素,为BPD的防治提供参考,以达到改善早产儿预后的目的.方法 选取2015年1月至2017年12月安徽医科大学附属妇幼保健院新生儿科收治住院的非常早产儿263例(指胎龄在28～32周之间的早产儿),根据BPD诊断标准分为BPD组(108例)和非BPD组(155例).对其母孕期情况及患儿住院期间的临床资料进行回顾性调查,比较两组非常早产儿的一般情况,分析非常早产儿发生BPD的临床危险因素.结果 纳入研究的263例非常早产儿,BPD组108例,发生率41.1％.数据分析结果表明,早产儿发生BPD与性别(χ2=4.311)、胎龄(Z=-6.544)、出生体质量(t=-5.382)、母合并绒毛羊膜炎(χ2=4.946)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(χ2=25.424)、贫血(χ2=22.443)、多次输血(Z=-8.101)、机械通气时间大于7 d(χ2=10.946)、吸氧浓度高(χ2=25.028)有关,均差异有统计学意义(均P40％(OR=0.261,95％CI:0.136～0.502)、输血次数(OR=0.582,95％CI:0.456～0.742)是早产儿发生BPD的独立危险因素.结论 导致早产儿发生BPD的因素有很多,包括母孕期合并症和新生儿因素,且其发病机制复杂多样化,必须对相关因素进一步研究,及时干预,加强母孕期保健,尽可能减少危险因素的产生,减少BPD发生率,改善早产儿的预后.“,”Objective To analyze the clinical risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very premature infants and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of BPD in order to improve the prognosis of premature infants.Methods From January 2015 to December 2017,263 very premature infants(referring to premature infants with gestational age between 28 weeks and 32 weeks) in the neonatology department of the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University were selected .They were divided into BPD group(108 cases) and non-BPD group(155 cases) according to the diagnostic criteria of BPD .The clinical data of the patients and the hospitalized patients were retrospectively investigated .The general conditions of the very premature infants in the two groups were compared.The clinical risk factors for BPDin very premature infants were analyzed.Results There were 263 very preterm infants included in the study ,108 cases in the BPD group,the incidence was 41.1％.The data analysis showed that BPD occurred in premature infants with sex (χ2 =4.311),gestational age(Z=-6.544),birth weight(t=-5.382),maternal chorioamnionitis(χ2 =4.946),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (χ2 =25.424), anemia(χ2 =22.443),multiple blood transfusion(Z=-8.101),mechanical ventilation time greater than 7 days (χ2 =10.946),high oxygen concentration (χ2 =25.028),the differences were statistically significant (all P40％(OR=0.261,95％CI:0.136-0.502),number of blood transfusions (OR=0.582,95％ CI:0.456-0.742) were independent risk factors for BPD in preterm infants.Conclusion There are many factors leading to BPD in premature infants,including maternal comorbidities and neonatal factors ,and its pathogenesis is complex and diverse . It is necessary to further study these related factors ,timely intervention ,strengthen maternal health care ,and minimize risk factors,thus to reduce the incidence of BPD ,improve the prognosis of premature infants .