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目的了解广州市中小学生膳食营养知识、态度和行为现状,探索其“知信行”素养与体质指数水平的相关性,为制定广州市中小学生营养健康教育对策提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对广州市4所中小学579名在校学生膳食营养知识、态度和行为进行问卷调查。结果营养知识知晓程度被评为“优秀”和“良好”的中小学生仅分别占1.1%、5.5%,男生优于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.65,P<0.05);58.7%的中小学生对营养知识感兴趣,97.5%意识到营养知识对健康的重要性;超过半数中小学生存在吃零食(90.1%)、挑食偏食(69.2%)、吃宵夜(70.7%)等不良饮食行为;正常组中从不吃宵夜的人数最多,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.59,P<0.05)。结论广州市中小学生膳食营养知识、态度和行为的整体水平不高,大多数中小学生的饮食态度较为端正,但仍存在不良饮食行为,其中肥胖中小学生吃宵夜问题尤为严重。应加强膳食营养健康教育,重点纠正低年级与超重肥胖学生的饮食结构与行为。
Objective To understand the status quo and current status of dietary nutrition among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou and to explore the correlation between their knowledge level and body mass index and to provide the basis for formulating the nutrition and health education strategies for primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of 579 schoolchildren in 4 primary and secondary schools in Guangzhou. Results The knowledge level of nutrition knowledge was rated as “excellent” and “good” only accounted for 1.1% and 5.5%, respectively, boys were better than girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 16.65, P < 0.05); 58.7% of primary and secondary students were interested in nutrition knowledge, 97.5% of them were aware of the importance of nutrition knowledge to health; more than half of primary and secondary school students had eating snacks (90.1%), picky eaters %) And other unhealthy eating behaviors. The number of people who never eat supper in the normal group was the highest (χ ~ 2 = 17.59, P <0.05). Conclusion The overall level of knowledge, attitude and behavior of dietary nutrition among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou is not high. Most of primary and secondary school students have a more positive attitude toward eating, but there are still some unhealthy eating behaviors. Among them, the problems of obese middle and primary school students appearing late are particularly serious. We should strengthen dietary nutrition and health education, with emphasis on correcting the dietary structure and behavior of students in lower grades and overweight.