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雄性不育技术在玉米杂种优势利用和杂交种生产中发挥着重要作用,玉米花药发育和雄性不育的细胞生物学与分子遗传学研究是雄性不育技术利用的前提和基础。玉米花药发育是一个复杂的生物学过程,需要孢子体基因与配子体基因的协同表达调控。本文从玉米花药的形态结构、花药发育时期的划分、花药败育类型、花药发育的细胞学研究方法、花药发育的组学研究方法、花药发育分子遗传学研究方法等方面进行综述,以期为玉米核不育机理研究与雄性不育技术产业化应用提供方法学指导。
Male sterility technology plays an important role in utilization of heterosis and production of hybrids in maize. Cell biology and molecular genetics of maize anther development and male sterility are prerequisites and basis for the utilization of male sterility technology. Corn anther development is a complex biological process that requires the coordinated expression of sporophyte and gametophyte genes. This review summarizes the morphological structure of the anther, the period of anther development, the type of anther abortion, the method of cytology of anther development, the methodological study of anther development and the research methods of anther developmental molecular genetics. The research on the mechanism of nuclear infertility and the application of male sterile technology in industrialization provide guidance for methodology.