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目的 提高产前 B超诊断水平 ,降低畸形儿的出生率。 方法 对 1991年～ 1998年出生的无脑儿、脊柱裂、脑膨出、脑积水、腹裂、联体双胎等畸形进行产前 B超诊断情况回顾性调查 ,其中 40 4例作过一次及一次以上 B超 ,作为此次分析对象 ,共计 B超数为 85 3人次。 结果 各主要畸形中以无脑儿和脑积水的产前 B超确诊率最高 ,分别为 6 8%和 5 1.4% ,而脊柱裂最低为 6 .6 %。一、二、三级接产医院对主要畸形确诊率分别为 7.9%、38.0 %、6 0 .6 % ,三级医院中综合性医院确诊率(42 .9% )又低于专科医院 (75 .7% )。三级医院在 1995年～ 1998年对神经管缺陷的确诊率 (6 8.2 % )显著高于 1991年～ 1994年 (35 .1% )。无脑儿、脑积水和腹裂的 B超确诊率随孕周增大而增高。 结论 产前 B超诊断主要畸形水平随医院级别而上升 ,确诊率与畸形程度、类别、妊娠周数及专业人员的技术水平密切相关。
Objective To improve the diagnostic value of prenatal B ultrasound and reduce the birth rate of deformed children. Methods Retrospective investigation on prenatal B-ultrasound diagnosis of deformities such as anencephaly, spina bifida, encephalocele, hydrocephalus, gastrocytopenia and conjoined twins born from 1991 to 1998 was conducted. Among them, 40 4 One or more B-over, as the analysis of objects, a total of B-number of 853 people. Results The prevalence of prenatal B-ultrasound was highest in children with cerebral anemia and hydrocephalus in all major deformities, with a mean of 68% and 51.4%, respectively, while the lowest spina bifida was 6.6%. The first, second and third-stage hospitals had 7.9%, 38.0% and 60.6% of the major deformities, respectively, and the diagnosis rate of general hospitals in tertiary hospitals (42.9%) was lower than that of special hospitals .7%). The rate of diagnosis of neural tube defects in tertiary hospitals from 1995 to 1998 (6 8.2%) was significantly higher than that of 1991-1994 (35.1%). No brain children, hydrocephalus and abdominal cleft B-diagnosis rate increased with gestational age increased. Conclusion The prevalence of major deformity in prenatal diagnosis of B-ultrasound rises with the level of hospital. The diagnosis rate is closely related to the degree of deformity, the type of pregnancy, the number of gestational weeks and the technical level of professionals.