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中美两国在全球价值链中占有举足轻重的地位,两国对气候变化的态度和行动也是全球减排成败的关键,本文构建了多区域投入产出(MRIO)模型,从“隐含碳贸易”视角核算比较全球价值链下的中美利益,并从最终需求结构层面分析产生这一结果的主要原因。结果表明:2011年中国对美国隐含碳出口为476.62百万吨(Mt),占中国碳排放量的5.67%,而美国对中国隐含碳出口为51.84Mt,仅占美国碳排放量的0.99%,这一不平衡造成的结果是“美国消费、中国污染”。此外,中美两国的隐含碳出口结构有众多相似之处,但中国对美隐含碳出口行业集中度过高。商品贸易量并非是决定中美隐含碳贸易额的主要因素,其主要原因在于各行业碳排放系数的差异及其在全球价值链中位置的差异。因此,中美两国在贸易和气候变化方面应该遵循“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的五大发展理念,从需求侧和供给侧共同努力,减少全球温室气体排放。
China and the United States occupy a pivotal position in the global value chain. The two countries’ attitudes and actions on climate change are also the keys to the success of global emissions reduction. This paper builds a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model, Trade “perspective to compare the benefits of China and the United States under the global value chain and analyze the main reasons for this result from the final demand structure. The results show that China exported 476.62 million tonnes of carbon to the United States in 2011, accounting for 5.67% of China’s total carbon emissions, while the United States exported 51.84 Mt of carbon to China, accounting for only 0.99% of the U.S. carbon emissions %, The result of this imbalance is ”United States consumption, China pollution “. In addition, there are many similarities between China and the United States in the implicit carbon export structure, but China’s concentration on the carbon-export industry in the United States is too high. The trade volume of goods is not the main factor that determines the implied carbon trade volume between China and the United States. The main reason is the difference of carbon emission coefficient in different industries and its position in the global value chain. Therefore, the two countries should follow the five major development concepts of ”innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing" in trade and climate change, and work together from the demand side and the supply side to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.