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本文通过中古声母与现代方言声母的比较,看出从古至今汉语声母稳定性的不平衡。清音的稳定性较浊音强;发音部位靠前的声母稳定性较强;半元音和零声母的稳定性和清声母接近;声母逢一等韵时稳定性最强,逢二、四等韵时次之,逢三等韵时稳定性最弱。声母的发音方法和韵母的洪细开合对声母的稳定性也有影响。决定声母稳定性的深层因素是语音的响亮度和清晰度:响亮度大、清晰度高则声母的稳定性强,不容易发生变异;反之,则声母的稳定性弱,容易发生变异。
In this paper, we compare the initials of the Middle Ages with the initials of modern dialects, and find out the imbalance of the stability of Chinese initials since ancient times. The stability of the unvoiced voice is stronger than that of the voiced voice; the initial consonant of the pronunciation part is more stable; the stability of half vowel and zero consonant is close to that of the clear initials; Time comes, every three other rhyme when the stability of the weakest. The method of initial consonants and the opening and closing of consonants also have an impact on the stability of consonants. Determinants of the stability of the underlying factors is the voice of the loudness and clarity: loudness, high definition, the initial consonant stability is strong, not prone to mutation; the other hand, the initial consonant stability is weak, prone to mutation.