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人们运用语言进行交际,交际过程中具体的句子是千变万化的,但这千变万化的具体句子若从判断的角度为其分类,却不外乎肯定、否定两种形式。肯定判断除判断动词“是”使用较多外,没有其他特别的字眼,否定判断一般认为是必须用否定副词的。吕叔湘先生在《中国文法要略》中说:“肯定的句子无须特别用字来表示肯定的意思,除非要表示某种语气:否定的句子却是必须要有否定的字样。”张志公先生主编《现代汉语》中说:“表示否定的句子,一般要用表示否定的词语。”诚然,汉语中的大部分否定句是依靠否定词“不”“没”“没有”等构成的,但并不是所有表达否定意义的句子都必须如此。我们所谓特殊的否定形式指的就是一种不用“否定词”而表示否定意义的句子。 先看下面的例句。
People use the language of communication, communication in the process of the specific sentences are ever-changing, but the ever-changing specific sentences from the perspective of judgment for its classification, but nothing more than the positive and negative of the two forms. Positive judgments in addition to judging the verb “is” more use, there is no other special words, negative judgments are generally considered to be necessary negative adverbs. Mr. Lu Shuxiang said in the “Outline of Chinese Grammar”: “Affirmative sentences do not need special words to express affirmative meanings, except to express certain kind of tone: negative sentences must have negative words.” Mr. Zhang Zhigong Chief Editor “Modern Chinese ”, said:“ Denial of the sentence, the general use of negative words. ”Admittedly, most of the negative sentences in Chinese rely on the negative“ no ”“ no ”“ not ”and so on, but not all Sentences that convey the meaning of negation must do so. Our so-called special negative form refers to a sentence that does not use “negative words” to denote negative meaning. Look at the following example.