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采用2 a生“大佛指”雌雄银杏扦插苗,温室盆栽方法模拟自然干旱,研究干旱胁迫下银杏雌雄植株的生长及内源激素含量的性别差异。结果表明:(1)同一干旱胁迫阶段,雄性银杏叶片的萎蔫现象更加严重,株高和地径的增长量减小速度更快。雌性银杏表现出更好的生长情况。(2)同一干旱胁迫阶段,雌性银杏比雄性银杏具有更高含量的促进生长型内源激素IAA、GA_3和ZR,而抑制性内源激素ABA含量更低。(3)与雄性银杏相比,同一干旱阶段雌性银杏具有更高的IAA/ABA、GA_3/ABA、ZR/ABA比例和更低的GA_3/IAA比例。综上所述,干旱胁迫下,雌性银杏比雄性银杏具有更好的干旱适应性。另外干旱胁迫下雌性银杏比雄性银杏具有更高的株高和地径增长量可能是受生长型内源激素IAA含量及IAA/ABA、GA_3/IAA比例的影响。
Adopting the male and female Ginkgo biloba seedlings of 2 years old “Big Buddha”, the greenhouse plants were used to simulate natural drought. The gender differences of the growth and the contents of endogenous hormones in the plants of Ginkgo biloba under drought stress were studied. The results showed that: (1) The wilting phenomenon of male Ginkgo biloba leaves was more serious under the same drought stress stage, and the growth of plant height and diameter decreased more rapidly. Female ginkgo showed better growth. (2) In the same drought stress stage, female ginkgo had higher content of IAA, GA 3 and ZR than male Ginkgo biloba, while ABA content of inhibitory endogenous hormones was lower. (3) Compared with male ginkgo, female Ginkgo biloba had higher ratios of IAA / ABA, GA 3 / ABA, ZR / ABA and lower GA 3 / IAA in the same drought stage. In summary, under drought stress, female ginkgo has better drought adaptability than male ginkgo. In addition, the higher plant height and diameter growth of female ginkgo than the male ginkgo under drought stress may be influenced by the content of IAA, IAA / ABA and GA 3 / IAA.