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目的:通过调查通辽市女性月经初潮年龄,建立蒙古族地区汉族和蒙古族女性发育基础数据。方法:采用横断面分层整群抽样方法,在规范调查流程和质量控制标准下于2015年9~12月对本地区3所高中1728名在校女生进行回顾性问卷调查,采集母女月经初潮年龄相关数据,以农村蒙古族、农村汉族、城镇蒙古族、城镇汉族4组进行分析。结果:问卷回收率97.97%,合格率96.16%;女学生月经初潮发生在调查前2~5年者占92.39%,母女记忆明确率均>94.01%。女儿和母亲的月经初潮年龄分别为12.6±1.2(9~16)岁和14.8±1.7(11~18)岁,女儿比母亲平均提前了2.14岁(P<0.0001),且城镇早于农村(P<0.05、P<0.001)。蒙古族与汉族间未见差异。女儿月经初潮发生发生在11、12、13、14岁的比例分别为6.45%、46.11%、81.57%、94.60%,母亲分别为0.42%、18.50%、38.98%、61.46%。月经初潮发生率按季节从高到低在母女均表现为夏季、冬季、秋季、春季的顺序。女生月经初潮发生在小学阶段者占50.28%,在初中1、2年级时分别达到了80.44%、96.22%。结论:通辽地区属于蒙古族聚集地,其女性月经初潮年龄有逐渐提前趋势,建议对该地区青少年的青春期教育应从小学4年级开始。
Objective: To establish the basic data of female development in the Han and Mongolian ethnic groups in Mongolian by investigating the age of menarche in Tongliao. Methods: A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a retrospective survey of 1,728 school-aged girls in three high schools in the region from September to December 2015 under the standardized survey process and quality control standards. The age of menopause menarche Relevant data were analyzed in 4 groups: Mongolian in rural areas, Han in rural areas, Mongolian in urban areas, and Han nationality in urban areas. Results: The questionnaire recovery rate was 97.97% and the pass rate was 96.16%. The incidence of menarche in female students was 92.39% two to five years before the survey. The recall rate of both mother and daughter was> 94.01%. The mean menarche age of daughters and mothers were 12.6 ± 1.2 (9-16) and 14.8 ± 1.7 (11-18) years old respectively, and the average age of daughters was 2.14 years (P <0.0001) than that of mothers <0.05, P <0.001). No differences between Mongolian and Han nationality. The incidence of menarche occurred in 11,12,13,14-year-old were 6.45%, 46.11%, 81.57%, 94.60% respectively, while the mothers were 0.42%, 18.50%, 38.98%, 61.46% respectively. The incidence of menarche showed a decreasing trend in summer, winter, autumn and spring in both seasons. The incidence of menstrual cramps in girls was 50.28% in primary school and 80.44% and 96.22% respectively in grades 1 and 2 of junior high school. CONCLUSION: Tongliao area belongs to the Mongolian nationality gathering place. The age of menarche in women is getting ahead of schedule. It is suggested that adolescent education should be started in the fourth grade of primary school.