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水库异重流倒灌是造成支流淤积的重要原因,影响支流库容可持续利用。已有的异重流倒灌流量公式在推导过程中均假设支流底坡为0,所计算的倒灌流量往往大于实测值。本文通过在倒灌异重流的动量方程中加入底坡上的压力,推导了考虑底坡的异重流倒灌流量公式。公式结构形式表明在相同的口门浑水厚度与含沙量条件下,倒灌流量随底坡增加而减小。使用小浪底水库4条支流的异重流测验数据对公式进行了验证。验证结果表明相对于不考虑底坡的倒灌流量公式,本文提出的公式计算精度更高。
Abnormal heavy flow intrusion in reservoirs is an important reason for the deposition of tributaries, affecting the sustainable use of tributaries. In the derivation process, the existing formulas of gravity flow inflows are assumed to assume that the bottom slopes of the tributaries are zero, and the calculated inflow fluxes are often larger than the measured values. In this paper, by adding the pressure on the slope to the momentum equation of gravity flow, the equation of gravity flow inversing flow considering the slope is derived. The formula structure shows that under the condition of the same thickness and sediment concentration of muddy water, the backfill flow rate decreases with the increase of slope. The formula was verified by using the multi-flow test data of 4 tributaries of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The verification results show that the formulas proposed in this paper are more accurate than those without considering the backslope flow.