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1990年的政治剧变,使匈牙利社会制度发生了根本的改变,政治上采用了西方式的多党制议会民主制,经济上选择了私有化为基础的市场经济模式。1998年,历经8年的匈牙利私有化运动宣告基本完成,80%以上的生产资料成为私人财产或外国资本的囊中之物,国家保留的国有资产锐减到社会总资产的20%以下,与西欧混合经济中的所有制结构相类似。私有化改变了国家的经济基础,也改变了人们的命运。东欧国家的私有化有两种基本模式:一种是以市场出售国有资产为主要形式,通过渐进方式实现私有化;另一种通过向全体公民发放私有化证券,以激进的方式实现私有化。前一种私有化方式以匈牙利为代表,后一种私有化方式以捷克和波兰为代表。
The dramatic political changes in 1990 caused a radical change in the Hungarian social system. The political system adopted a multi-party system of parliamentary democracy in the West and adopted a privatization-based market economy model economically. In 1998, eight years of proclamation of the privatization in Hungary were basically completed, more than 80% of the means of production became private property or foreign capital. State-owned assets retained by the State dropped sharply to less than 20% of the total social assets. The ownership structure in the mixed economy of Western Europe is similar. Privatization has changed the country’s economic base and changed people’s fate. There are two basic models of privatization in Eastern European countries: one is the sale of state assets in the market as the main form of privatization through a gradual approach; and the other is privatization in a radical way by the issue of privatized securities to all citizens. The former is represented by Hungary in the form of privatization and the latter by the Czech and Poland.