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1978至1980三年间,世界上有好几座堆石式和沉箱式防波堤相继毁于大风暴,使人们对现行设计方法的可靠性产生了怀疑。例如葡萄牙锡尼斯港的堆石防波堤,按百年一遇的大风浪、有效波高11米设计,在堆石堤心上依次堆放三层扭工字体护面块:0.25～
In the three years between 1978 and 1980, several rockfill and caisson breakwaters in the world were successively destroyed by major storms, raising doubts about the reliability of current design methods. For example, the port of Peniscola, Portugal, is designed for stacking rockfill breakwater, which is designed according to the once-in-a-century windstorm and effective wave height of 11 meters.