肺炎双球菌感染的急性中耳炎是耳科学的重要课题之一,不但常见,而且在抗生素治疗情况下仍有较高的发病率。常因不易治愈成为慢性化脓性中耳炎或分泌型中耳粘连,给病人造成听力损失,甚或语言障碍和智力发育不良。近年来随着临床免疫学的不断发展,开展肺炎双球菌荚膜多糖菌苗的特异性预防研究,取得了一定进展。1982年起世界卫生组织在中国协作开展肺炎双球菌分型研究,目的亦在于此。【发病问题】肺炎双球菌早在1881年就已被发现,1920年Winslow为其命名为肺炎双球菌(Diplococcus pneumoniae,DP)。近年来之所以重新重视,是有一定原因的。根据美国近年报导,由DP引起肺炎患者每年约有百万人以 Acute otitis media with pneumococcal infection is one of the most important topics in otology, which is not only common but also has a high morbidity under antibiotic treatment. Often difficult to be cured due to chronic suppurative otitis media or secretory middle ear adhesions, causing hearing loss to the patient, or even language problems and mental retardation. In recent years, with the continuous development of clinical immunology, to carry out specific prevention of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine research and made some progress. In 1982, WHO collaborated on the research on the typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae in China, which is also aimed at this. Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been discovered as early as 1881, and Winslow named it Diplococcus pneumoniae (DP) in 1920. The reason why we have renewed our attention in recent years is for some reason. According to reports by the United States in recent years, about one million people are suffering from DP-induced pneumonia every year