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人的听力可分为气导听力和骨导听力。因空气的振动而形成的声音,从外耳经鼓膜、耳小骨、前庭窗传入内耳而被人感知,这种听力称为气导听力。声音的振动直接通过头颅骨传入内耳而被人感知,则称为骨导听力。我们在咀嚼硬的食物或讲话时发出的部分声音直接传入内耳就属于这种类型。有时,即使耳朵完全塞住,我们仍能听到外界的声音,这就是骨导听力发挥的作用。气导听力与骨导听力之间存在着声级差(见图1)。在自由声场中,气导听力与骨导听力之间的声级差约为60db。因此,具有正常听力的人较难感受到骨导听力的作用。
Human hearing can be divided into air conduction and bone conduction. The sound formed by the vibration of the air is perceived from the outer ear through the tympanic membrane, the ossicles, and the vestibular window into the inner ear. This type of hearing is called air conduction hearing. Sound vibration directly into the inner ear through the skull was perceived, then known as bone conduction. Part of the sound that we make when we chew hard food or speak directly into the inner ear falls into this category. Sometimes, even if the ear is completely plugged, we can still hear the voices of the outside world, which is the role of bone conduction hearing. There is a sound level difference between air conduction hearing and bone conduction hearing (see Figure 1). In the free sound field, the difference between air conduction and bone conduction is about 60db. Therefore, people with normal hearing is less likely to feel the effect of bone conduction.