预防接种计划的重点习惯上都放在婴儿和儿童上,因为大多数能用疫苗预防的疾病都发生在上述年龄。对成人的预防接种常规就没有那么明确,但医生,特别是内科医生应熟悉目前已有的疫苗,并掌握它们用于成人的指征。本文简述了目前用于所有成人及某些特殊成人组的主动和被动免疫常规方法,并根据这些制剂对用于接触疾病之前、接触疾病之后但未出现症状之时,或出现临床表现之后的原则进行了分类。 The focus of vaccination programs is customary on infants and children, as most vaccine-preventable diseases occur at these ages. The routine for vaccination in adults is less clear, but doctors, especially physicians, should be familiar with the vaccines that are available and to have their indications for adults. This article outlines the current general methods of active and passive immunization for all adults and certain groups of adults and based on the efficacy of these agents on pre-exposure disease, post-disease exposure but no symptoms, or after clinical manifestations Principles were classified.