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意识形态的概念,可以追溯到柏拉图的高贵的谎言、培根的四假相说。最早提出意识形态概念的是法国哲学家德斯杜特·德·特拉西。马克思主义的意识形态概念经历了否定说、中性说、肯定说几个阶段。列宁也提出了自己的意识形态观点。《怎么办》一书是列宁意识形态基本观点形成初期的代表作品。此文通过与俄国当时的经济派及其他机会主义派别论战,阐述了革命理论的重要性和灌输论的重要作用。通过对《怎么办》一书中列宁基本意识形态观点的了解,加深了我们对马克思主义意识形态理论的认识,其存在的局限性也值得我们深思。
The concept of ideology dates back to the noble lie of Plato, which Bacon’s four sayings. The earliest idea of the ideology is the French philosopher Destut de Tracy. The concept of Marxist ideology has undergone a negative argument, saying neutrality, affirming several stages. Lenin also put forward his own ideological point of view. The book “How to Do It” is a representative work of the early stage of Lenin’s basic idea of ideology. This article expounds the importance of the revolutionary theory and the important role of indoctrination theory by arguing with the then economicists and other opportunist groups in Russia. By understanding Lenin’s basic ideological viewpoint in “How to Do It”, we deepen our understanding of Marxist ideological theory and its limitations also deserve our deep consideration.