高氯酸盐对空心莲子草生长及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

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高氯酸盐是一种新型的持久性污染物,其对植物影响作用的研究国内外鲜见报道.以空心莲子草为实验材料,在水培及可控条件下,探讨不同浓度(1、5、20、100、500 mg/L)ClO4-对空心莲子草生长及生理的影响.结果表明,①不同浓度的ClO4-处理均不同程度地抑制根、茎、叶生物量及单株相对生长量,其中根生物量对照与各浓度处理之间均存在显著差异.处理40d后,各浓度(由低到高)处理的相对生长量分别为对照的61.6%、60.8%、53.1%、20.4%和3.3%;ClO4-处理下根、茎、叶生物量的变异系数大小依次为:叶>根>茎;ClO4-处理使根茎叶三者之间的生物量分配关系发生变化,使茎的生物量分配系数增大,而叶降低,其中100、500 mg/L ClO4-处理组与对照相比差异显著;②不同浓度的ClO4-处理均使空心莲子草幼叶出现明显的伤害症状,顶叶反卷、叶缘变黑、焦枯,受害程度随处理浓度及时间的增加而加重;③ClO4-处理使叶片SPAD值、Fv/Fm、F′v/F′m、ΦPSⅡ、ETR、ETRmax等荧光参数均出现不同程度的下降趋势,SPAD、ΦPSⅡ等荧光参数可以作为反映受ClO4-胁迫影响的内在敏感生理指标.以上结果说明高氯酸盐处理会导致空心莲子草光合系统的损伤及光化学效率的下降,抑制其生长,并使叶片产生明显伤害.空心莲子草各器官对ClO4-的敏感程度以叶和根较高,茎较低. Perchlorate is a new type of persistent pollutant and its effects on plants are seldom reported in China and abroad.With lotus seedlings as experimental materials, the effects of different concentrations (1, 5, 20, 100, 500 mg / L) ClO4- on the growth and physiology of Alternanthera philoxeroides.Results showed that: (1) ClO4- treatment at different concentrations inhibited the root, stem and leaf biomass and relative growth The results showed that there was a significant difference in the root biomass between the control and the different treatments.After 40 days of treatment, the relative growth rates of the treatments (61.6%, 60.8%, 53.1%, 20.4% And 3.3% respectively. The variation coefficients of biomass of roots, stems and leaves under ClO4-treatment were as follows: leaves> roots> stems. ClO4-treatment changed the biomass distribution of roots, stems and leaves, The partition coefficient increased and the leaf decreased. Among them, 100,500 mg / L ClO4-treated group showed significant difference compared with the control; ② ClO4-treated with different concentrations all caused obvious injury symptoms on the young leaves of Alternanthera philoxeroides, Rewinding, leaf edge black, coke dry, the degree of victimization with the treatment of concentration and time increases ; (3) Fluorescence parameters such as SPAD value, Fv / Fm, F’v / F’m, ΦPSⅡ, ETR and ETRmax all decreased in different degrees with the treatment of ClO4-. Fluorescence parameters such as SPAD, ΦPSⅡ, Affecting the intrinsic sensitive physiological indicators.These results indicated that perchlorate treatment can lead to the photosynthetic system of Alternanthera philoxeroides damage and photochemical efficiency decreased to inhibit its growth and make obvious damage to the leaves of Alternanthera Alliophilus ClO4- Sensitivity to higher leaves and roots, stems lower.
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