18世纪法国的著名思想家孟德斯鸠在其《论法的精神》中曾颇具创新的提出了地理气候对法制文化有较大的影响,孟氏曾从不同地理气候对不同民族生理、心理等产生的重大影响等角度阐述这种观点,本文试从政治经济学的角度论述地理环境如何影响区域经济基础以及经济基础又如何决定本区域民族的思维习惯、风俗习惯甚至法制文化。 Montesquieu, a famous French thinker in the 18th century, put forward quite creatively in his “spirit of the law” that the geography and climate have a great influence on the legal culture. From the perspective of different geography and climate, Montesquieu’s physiology, psychology, etc. This paper tries to discuss how the geographical environment affects the regional economic base and how the economic base determines the ethnic habits, customs and even the legal culture in the region from the perspective of political economy.