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约开凿于西魏初年的249窟,窟顶为覆斗型结构,中心为装饰图案,四披各有图像,壁画保存较为完好。它以其卓越的艺术性和丰富的内涵不断引起学术界的关注。又因其题材的模糊与特殊性,成为至今仍存争议的课题之一。半个世纪以来,围绕着图像的性质与人物身份,学者们主要形成了两种不同观点。第一种观点认为,正壁(西披)是阿修罗王,左、右侧(南、北披)分别是西王母和东王公,这种观点的观照角度,大体上是出于以中国本土思想来理解中国石窟,主要代表者有敦煌研究院的段文杰教授;第二种观点亦认为正壁是阿修罗,但两侧披应是帝释天和帝释天妃,整个图像与阿修罗大战帝释天有关,持这种观点的有敦煌研究院史苇湘教授等人,其观照角度,大体上是出于以佛教经典来解释佛教图像。应该说,这两种观照角度都十分有理,虽然第一种观点略占上风,但在敦煌研究院编辑的《中国美术全集·敦煌壁画》一书中,在249窟、296窟、305窟的相同图像“东王公、西王母”标题后面,都有保留地用括号跟上一个“帝释天、帝释天妃”的同位语,这固然反映了一种宽容的学术胸怀,但同时也说明了两种观点共存之必要,以及问题的存在。
About cut in the first year of the Western Wei 249 grottoes, cave roof for the bucket-type structure, the center for the decorative pattern, four Phi each have images, murals preserved more intact. With its excellent artistic and rich connotation, it has aroused the academic concern. Due to the vagueness and particularity of its subject matter, it has become one of the topics still controversial today. For half a century, scholars have mainly formed two different views around the nature of images and their identity. The first view is that orthodox (Si Phi) is the king of Ashura, left and right (South and North Phi) are the Queen Mother and the East King, the perspective of this point of view, largely out of China’s indigenous thinking To understand the Chinese grottoes, the main representative of Dunhuang Research Institute Professor Duan Wenjie; the second point of view is that the ortho-wall is Asura, but the two sides should be emperor release emperor and emperor, the entire image and the Asulu God Released days, holding this view, there is Professor Dun Wei Institute of History, Professor Wei Deng and others, its point of view from the perspective of Buddhism to explain the Buddhist image is generally interpreted. It should be said that both perspectives are very reasonable, although the first point of view slightly prevailed, but in Dunhuang Research Institute editor of the “Complete Works of China Dunhuang murals” in a book, 249 caves, 296 caves, 305 caves The same image “East King, West Queen Mother,” behind the title, have reserved with parentheses to keep up with a “emperor emperor release emperor” emperor, which of course reflects a tolerant academic mind, but also shows Necessary for coexistence of two views, and the existence of problems.