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责任观是我们观察梁漱溟重建儒学的一个基本视角。他提出儒家的伦理学以义务或责任为核心,由此阐发儒家责任观的多重含义。他提出“以对方为重”和“互以对方为重”两个主题,从中可引出三种不同的责任观念,即本分、尊重之责与敬重之责。对每个人来说,他主要靠“理性”的认识机制体认其所应担负何种责任。梁漱溟没有对上述三种责任的关系进行说明,这就留给后人一个课题:如何在一个更广的责任层级理论中理解梁漱溟的责任观的意义。根据主体的道德认识程度,可大致把责任分成四个层级:义务;本分;责任;使命。梁漱溟的三种责任观念分别触及责任的后三个层级。尽管梁漱溟对责任观的讨论不太系统,概念表述也有点混乱,但他阐发的儒家责任观体现了现代新儒家对于责任概念的多维认识和对责任人格培养之途的新探索。
The concept of responsibility is a basic perspective on which we observe Liang Shu-ming’s reconstruction of Confucianism. He proposed that the ethics of Confucianism should take the obligations or responsibilities as the core, thus expounding the multiple meanings of the Confucian concept of responsibility. He proposed two themes of “focusing on each other” and “mutual respecting each other”, from which three different concepts of responsibility can be derived: duty, respect and responsibility. For everyone, he mainly relies on the “rational” cognitive mechanism to recognize what responsibility it should bear. Liang Shuming did not explain the relationship between the above three responsibilities, leaving a problem for future generations: how to understand Liang Shuming’s sense of responsibility in a broader level of responsibility theory. According to the main body of moral understanding, can be roughly divided into four levels of responsibility: obligations; duty; responsibility; mission. Liang Shuming’s three concepts of responsibility touched the last three levels of responsibility respectively. Although Liang Shuming’s discussion on the concept of responsibility is not systematic and the concept expression is somewhat confusing, the Confucian concept of responsibility he expounded reflects the multi-dimensional understanding of the concept of responsibility and the new exploration of responsible personality cultivation of modern Neo-Confucianism.