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本文利用RAPD方法对我国浙江、江苏、辽宁、天津和福建沿海青蛤地理群体的遗传变异和遗传结构进行了分析。从60条随机引物中,筛选出其中12条扩增效果好、条带清晰的引物进行扩增。结果表明,青蛤遗传多样性较丰富,五个群体的多态度在0.249～0.307之间,平均为0.278,按递减依次为江苏>福建>辽宁>浙江>天津;经分子方差分析(AMOVA),10.69%的遗传变异来自于群体间,89.31%来自于群体内,遗传分化除辽宁与江苏、天津群体间不显著外,其它群体间分化显著;根据遗传距离,用UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明,浙江群体与江苏群体,辽宁群体与天津群体分别先聚在一起,最后与福建群体聚类;S11、S424、S228、S4254个引物可以区分这五个青蛤地理种群,作为群体特征标记。
In this paper, RAPD method was used to analyze the genetic variation and genetic structure of geo-clams in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Tianjin and Fujian coastal areas. Sixty primers were screened out from 60 random primers, and 12 of them were amplified with good amplification and clear bands. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Cyclops was rich. The polymorphisms of the five groups were between 0.249 and 0.307 with an average of 0.278, followed by descending order of Jiangsu> Fujian> Liaoning> Zhejiang> Tianjin. The molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) 10.69% of the genetic variation came from the population, 89.31% came from the population, and the genetic differentiation was significant except for the Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces and Tianjin populations. The genetic variation was analyzed by UPGMA method. Zhejiang population and Jiangsu population, Liaoning population and Tianjin population were clustered together and finally clustered with Fujian population. S11, S424, S228 and S4254 primers could distinguish the five populations of A. sinensis as population characteristics markers.