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目的分析大连地区急性呼吸道感染患儿病原体检测结果及流行情况,为临床早期诊断、治疗及预防提供依据。方法调查2015年1月-2016年7月医院住院急性呼吸道感染患儿2 944例,采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)对呼吸道感染患儿血液中的呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)、腺病毒(adenovirus,ADV)、流感病毒A型(influenza virus type A,IFA)、流感病毒B型(influenza virus type B,IFB)、副流感病毒(parainfluenza virus,PIV)、肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae,CP)、肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumonia,MP)和嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila,LP)8种病原体进行检测。结果 2 944例患儿中血清IgM抗体阳性共1 280例,总阳性率为43.48%(1 280/2 944),主要为IFB和MP感染:IFB阳性率最高,为16.68%(491/2 944);其次为MP,阳性率为14.44%(425/2 944)。ADV各年龄组之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.286,P=0.593>0.05),其余各种病原体不同年龄组之间差异均有统计学意义。其中IFB、MP在3~6岁组中检出率最高;RSV在0~1岁组中检出率明显高于其他年龄组。MP男女患儿组间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.671,P=0.006<0.05),其余各项差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IFB第二季度和第三季度检出率高于其他季度,MP在第三季度检出率最高,IFA、LP、CP也同样是第三季度检出率最高,PIV和ADV各季度检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),RSV在第一季度检出率略高于其他季度。结论大连地区引起患儿呼吸道感染的病原体主要是IFB和MP,针对不同年龄组、不同季度的感染情况,应做好重点预防工作。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and prevalence of pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection in Dalian and provide evidence for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Methods A total of 2 944 hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection were enrolled in this study from January 2015 to July 2016. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children with respiratory tract infection was measured by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) Adenovirus (ADV), influenza virus type A (IFA), influenza virus type B (IFB), parainfluenza virus (PIV), Chlamydia pneumoniae CP, Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) and Legionella pneumophila (LP). Results A total of 1 280 cases were positive for serum IgM antibodies in 2 944 children with a total positive rate of 43.48% (1 280/2 944), mainly IFB and MP infections: the highest positive rate of IFB was 16.68% (491/2 944) ); Followed by MP, the positive rate was 14.44% (425/2 944). There was no significant difference between ADV groups (χ ~ 2 = 0.286, P = 0.593> 0.05). The differences of other pathogens in different age groups were statistically significant. Among them, IFB and MP had the highest detection rate in 3 to 6 years old group, RSV in 0 to 1 years old group was significantly higher than other age groups. There was a significant difference between male and female children with MP (χ ~ 2 = 7.671, P = 0.006 <0.05). There was no significant difference between other groups (P> 0.05). IFB second quarter and third quarter detection rate higher than the other quarters, MP in the third quarter, the highest detection rate, IFA, LP, CP is also the highest detection rate in the third quarter, PIV and ADV quarterly detection rate The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The detection rate of RSV in the first quarter was slightly higher than the other quarters. Conclusions The pathogens that cause respiratory tract infection in children in Dalian are mainly IFB and MP. In accordance with the infection situation of different age groups and different quarters, key prevention should be done.