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C型钠尿肽(natriuretic peptide type C,CNP)是钠尿肽家族的第3个成员,它高度保守,存在于人类及一些低等生物体内。钠尿肽家族成员有着不同程度的结构及生理效应上的相似性,而通过旁分泌/自分泌起作用的CNP与在循环血液中的心钠肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)、脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)有着很大的不同。ANP和BNP均有强大的利钠利尿、扩张血管和抑制肾素活性的作用。而CNP被认为是内源性抗损伤因子之一。大量实验表明CNP具有强大的扩张血管,抑制平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移及细胞外基质形成,抑制血管内膜及心肌细胞增殖,减少动脉硬化及斑块的形成,抑制重塑,抑制炎症反应等心血管效应。CNP主要由血管内皮分泌,与钠尿肽受体B(NPR-B)特异结合发挥其生理作用,结合后升高第二信使鸟苷酸环化酶的水平,促进细胞内环磷酸鸟苷水平升高。近年来的研究也发现,多种病理情况下如心力衰竭、妊娠高血压综合征、心脏移植等,患者血浆CNP水平都有升高,因此CNP在高血压及心肌肥厚、动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生及发展过程中起着重要的保护作用。而根据最新的研究报道,其对于脊椎骨及长骨生长也有着特别的作用。
Natriuretic peptide type C (CNP), the third member of the natriuretic peptide family, is highly conserved in humans and some lower organisms. Members of the natriuretic peptide family have varying degrees of structural and physiological similarities, whereas paracrine / autocrine CNPs interact with circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide brain natriuretic peptide, BNP) is very different. Both ANP and BNP have potent natriuresis, dilate blood vessels and inhibit renin activity. CNP is considered one of the endogenous anti-injury factors. Numerous experiments show that CNP has a strong dilation of blood vessels, inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix formation, inhibition of vascular intima and cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduce atherosclerosis and plaque formation, inhibition of remodeling, inhibition of inflammatory response and other cardiovascular effect. CNP is mainly secreted by the vascular endothelium and specifically binds to the natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) to exert its physiological function. After being combined, CNP increases the level of the second messenger guanylate cyclase and promotes intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate Rise. In recent years, the study also found that a variety of pathological conditions such as heart failure, pregnancy-induced hypertension, heart transplantation, patients with elevated plasma CNP levels, so CNP in hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerotic plaque The occurrence and development of the process plays an important protective role. According to the latest research, it also has a special effect on the growth of vertebrae and long bones.