This study investigated the association between depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese men and the total testosterone,dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),DHEA sulphate (DHEAS),oestradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels,and the free androgen index.Cross-sectional data from 1147 community-dwelling elderly men,aged 65 and older,were used.Depressive symptoms were measured using the Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).Total testosterone,free testosterone,DHEA,DHEAS,total oestradiol,the free androgen index and SHBG levels were assessed.DH EA was significantly associated with GDS score,and there was a trend towards DHEAS association,but this was not significant (β=0.110,P=0.015;β=0.074,P=0.055).However,no association was seen between depressive symptoms and total testosterone levels,free testosterone levels,oestradiol levels or SHBG levels.In terms of the presence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms,there were no statistically significant differences between patients in the lowest quartile of sex steroid hormone levels and those in other quartiles of sex steroid hormone levels.Similarly to Western studies,our study shows that DHEA and DHEAS levels are associated with depressive symptoms.