论文部分内容阅读
上世纪90年代,欧洲电信市场大门放开。为了促进电子通信服务(ECS)的竞争,欧共体设计了新管制框架(NRF),网络及服务提供商不再需要许可证。NRF促进了电信、数据以及广播的融合,并且提供了实现它们技术中立的可能。但是VoIP的出现,使得从2003年开始生效的NRF经历着重重考验,因为,
90s of last century, the European telecommunications market liberalization. To promote competition for electronic communications services (ECS), the EC has devised a new regulatory framework (NRF), and networks and service providers no longer need licenses. NRF promotes the convergence of telecommunications, data and broadcasting and offers the potential to achieve their technology neutrality. However, the advent of VoIP makes the NRF effective from 2003 go through a lot of tests because,