文学研究的最终目的,即探寻能够超越一时之社会需求及特定成见的某种价值观。——哈罗德·布鲁姆一、“奥威尔问题”在《语言知识》一书序言的开篇,美国语言学家乔姆斯基(1928—)曾经提出两个非常有趣的问题:(1)“为什么我们获得的材料如此之少,而产生的知识却如此之多?(How We can know so much given that We have such limited evidence)他称之为”柏拉图问题“;(2)”为什么可资利用的材料如此之多,而我们的知识却如此之少?“(It is the The ultimate goal of literary research is to explore certain values ​​that transcend the immediate social needs and specific stereotypes. - Harold Bloom First, ”Orwell’s Problem“ At the beginning of the preface to ”The Book of Linguistic Knowledge,“ American linguist Chomsky (1928-) once raised two very interesting questions : (1) ”Why we can know so much given that We have such limited evidence?“ He called it ”Plato’s Problem.“ 2) ”Why is there so much material available and our knowledge is so low?" (It is the