近年来，随着抗菌药物的滥用，全球范围内的多重耐药菌逐年增加。对细菌进化规律的探究可能是解决这一问题的关键。高通量测序，又称为下一代测序（NGS），可以合理利用细菌全基因组所蕴含的强大信息，在细菌进化规律的探索中展现出前所未有的分辨能力。本文主要就NGS的概述及其在细菌进化分析方面的研究与进展进行简要综述。“,”In recent years, with the abuse of antibiotics, the number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria around the world is increasing year by year. The exploration of the law of bacterial evolution may be the key to solve this problem. High-throughput sequencing, also known as next-generation sequencing (NGS), can make rational use of the powerful information contained in the whole bacterial genome and show unprecedented resolution in the exploration of the law of bacterial evolution. In this paper, the overview of NGS and its research and progress in bacterial evolution analysis are briefly reviewed.