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20世纪80年代末期,拉美国家开始了对经济发展战略的全面改革,加快了市场化的进程。特别是90年代之后,拉美国家加快了私有化的进程,进行了更为深入的改革,其中公用事业市场化就是改革的重要部分。拉美国家公用事业市场化改革过程中,通过引入私人资本,将公共产品和服务由政府供给转变为由私人企业提供,形成的产品和服务供给成为影响消费者和财富分配的直接方式,这种方式对低收入群体的影响最大也最为直接。公用事业改革增加了服务的供给,使更多的人特别是低收入者享受到公用事业服务成为可能,从一定意义上说增加了低收入群体的福利。但市场化过程中形成的价格更反映成本和需求弹性,有固定费用上升、
In the late 1980s, Latin American countries started a comprehensive reform of their economic development strategy and accelerated the marketization process. Especially after the 1990s, Latin American countries accelerated the process of privatization and carried out more in-depth reforms in which the liberalization of public utilities was an important part of the reform. In the course of the market-oriented reform of public utilities in Latin America, the introduction of private capital transformed the supply of public goods and services from government supply into private-owned enterprises, and the resulting supply of goods and services became the direct way to influence the distribution of consumers and wealth. The impact on low-income groups is the largest and most direct. The reform of public utilities has increased the supply of services, making it possible for more people, especially those with lower incomes, to enjoy public service services, which in a sense increased the welfare of low-income groups. However, the prices formed in the process of marketization more reflect the cost and the elasticity of demand, with the increase of fixed costs,