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铀-铅同位素测年是最古老和最精确的地质年龄测定方法。该方法还包括钍-铅年龄测定,是利用母同位素(放射性元素铀、钍)与其衰变形成的子同位素(铅同位素)的相对丰度测定样品年龄的方法。锆石是最常用的铀-铅同位素测年矿物,其他矿物如独居石、晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿、钍矿等也可以用于测年。随着计算机技术、质谱技术的不断发展,铀-铅同位素地质年代学获得了突飞猛进的发展,并推动了整个地球科学的发展。目前,铀-铅同位素测年已广泛应用于测定成岩和成矿年代,以及岩石成因、壳幔相互作用、区域地质演化等研究。
Uranium-lead isotope dating is the oldest and most accurate geodetic dating method. The method also includes the thorium-lead age determination, a method of determining sample age using the relative abundance of the parent isotope (radioactive elemental uranium, thorium) and its decaying sub-isotope (lead isotope). Zircon is the most commonly used uranium-lead isotope dating minerals, other minerals such as monazite, crystalline uranium, pitch uranium, thorium, etc. can also be used for dating. With the continuous development of computer technology and mass spectrometry, uranium-lead isotope geochronology has achieved rapid development and promoted the development of the entire earth science. At present, uranium-lead isotope dating has been widely used in the determination of diagenesis and metallogenic age, as well as rock genesis, crust-mantle interaction and regional geological evolution.