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目的了解肾移植受者的健康认知评价及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取于北京市2所三甲医院移植随访门诊随访的605例肾移植受者为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、健康认知评价量表、感知健康能力量表、领悟社会支持量表、药物副作用症状表进行调查。结果肾移植受者健康认知评价4个维度得分分别为:威胁(13.91±3.76)分,挑战(23.64±5.56)分,有害/损失(21.79±3.13)分,有益/不相关(12.21±2.58)分。感知健康能力、领悟社会支持、药物副作用困扰、移植术后时间、透析时间、性别、年龄、婚姻状况和文化程度是肾移植受者健康认知评价的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论肾移植受者对目前的健康状态倾向于评价为“挑战”。护理工作者应针对肾移植受者不同的影响因素提供相应的干预对策,以改善其健康认知评价水平。
Objective To understand the health cognition of renal transplant recipients and its influencing factors. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select 605 renal transplant recipients who were followed-up in 2 top-three hospitals in Beijing for the study. The questionnaires of general situation, health cognitive assessment scale, perceived health ability scale, Support scale, drug side effects symptoms survey. Results The scores of three dimensions of the health cognition evaluation of renal transplant recipients were as follows: threat (13.91 ± 3.76), challenge (23.64 ± 5.56), hazard ratio (21.79 ± 3.13), beneficial / uncorrelated (12.21 ± 2.58 )Minute. Perceived health ability, perceived social support, side effects of drugs, postoperative time of transplantation, dialysis time, sex, age, marital status and education level were the influencing factors of health cognition evaluation in renal transplant recipients (P <0.05, P <0.01) . Conclusion Renal transplant recipients tend to evaluate their current state of health as “challenge ”. Care workers should provide different interventions for different factors affecting renal transplant recipients to improve their health cognitive evaluation.