美国科学家艾伦·黑格、艾伦·马克迪尔米德以及日本科学家白川英树由于在导电聚合物领域的开创性贡献,荣获今年的诺贝尔化学奖。在人们的印象中,塑料是不导电的。在普通的电缆中,塑料就常被用作导电铜丝外面的绝缘层。但三位诺贝化学奖得主的成果,却向人们习以为常的“观念”提出了挑战。他们通过研究发现,经过特殊改造之后,塑料能够表现得像金属一样,产生导电性。塑料是一种聚合物,而所谓聚合物,是由简单分子联合形成的大分子物质。聚合物要能够导电,其内部的碳原子之间必须交替地以单键和双键结合,同时还必须经过掺杂处理——也就是说,通过氧化或还原反应移去或导入电子。黑格、马克迪尔米德和白川英树等在70年代末在塑料导电研究领域取得突破性的发现。由于他们开创性的工作,导电聚合物成为对物理学家和化学家都具有重要意义的研究领域。目前,导电塑料已广泛地用于许多工业领域,如抗电磁辐射的计算机视保屏、能过滤太阳光的“智能”玻璃窗等。除此之外,导电聚合物还在发光二极管、太阳能电池 American scientists Alan Heigl, Alan Mark Deere Mead and Japanese scientist Shirakawa Hideki won this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their ground-breaking contributions to conductive polymers. In people’s minds, plastics are non-conductive. In common cables, plastic is often used as an insulating layer on conductive copper wires. However, the achievements of the three Nobel Prize-winning chemistry challenged people’s accustomed “ideas ”. Through their research, they found that after a special modification, plastics behave like metals and produce electrical conductivity. Plastic is a polymer, and the so-called polymer, is a combination of simple molecules of macromolecules. Polymers must be able to conduct electricity, and the carbon atoms inside must alternately be bound by single and double bonds, and must also be doped - that is, electrons are removed or introduced by oxidation or reduction reactions. Haig, Mark Deere Mead and Shirakawa Hideki made groundbreaking discoveries in the area of ​​plastic conductive research in the late 1970s. Due to their pioneering work, conductive polymers have become a research area of ​​great interest to both physicists and chemists. At present, the conductive plastic has been widely used in many industrial fields, such as computer screen protection against electromagnetic radiation, “smart” glass windows that filter sunlight. In addition, the conductive polymer is still light-emitting diodes, solar cells